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CONTENTS; Executive Summary; Introduction; Chapter 1; 1 Dy Liacco System Security Model; 1 Emerging Conditions Affecting Transmission System Reliability; 2 Growth in Inter-regional Power Exchanges in the Nordic Electricity Market: 1997 to 2004; 3 Monthly Transmission Loading Relief Requests: 199...

6 Parallel Power Flows on a Transfer from Wisconsin to Tennessee7 Parallel Flows Associated With a 1000 MW Transfer from France to Italy; 2 Some Major North American Blackouts: 1965 to 2002; 8 Frequency Distribution of North American Outages Affecting More than 50 000 Consumers: 1991-95 and 1996...

13 Line and Generation Trips, and Lost Load during the Cascade Phase14 Area Affected by the US-Canadian Blackout; 3 Service Restoration in the United States; 15 Restoration Strategy in Ontario; 16 Initial Load Restoration in Ontario: 14-15 August 2003; 17 Load Restoration in Ontario: 14-22 Aug...

4 Primary Causes of the Swiss-Italian Blackout22 Impact of Primary Causes on System Security During the Swiss-Italian Blackout; 23 Area Affected by the Swedish-Danish Blackout, 23 September 2003; 24 Swedish Load Restoration Following the Outage; 25 Danish Load Restoration Following the Outage;...

26 NERC Regions and Control Areas27 Cost Comparison of N-1 and N-2 Security: Simple Example; 2 Overview of EPRI's Probability Risk Assessment (PRA) Methodology; 3 Applying PRA Methodologies: Three Case Studies; 8 Examples of Technologies with the Potential to Enhance Transmission System Securit...

9 Examples of Emergency Load Response Programmes