Ocean acidification (OA) studies to date have typically used stable open-ocean pH and CO₂ values to predict the physiological responses of intertidal species to future climate scenarios, with few studies accounting for natural fluctuations of abiotic conditions or the alternating periods of emersion and immersion routinely experienced during tidal...

Acid–base physiology over tidal periods in the mussel Mytilus edulis: size and temperature are more influential than seawater pH