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1.
Li Hung-chung & his family
[Li Hung-chung (1823-1901), an important minister in Late Qing, was born in Hefei, Anhui Province. He built arsenals, founded a military army and established two modern naval bases when he was the Governor General of Zhili (now Hebei) Province in 1870]

2.
a. Group of missionaries and M. Casenave (the 3rd from left, 1st row)
b. Li Hung-chung & his family

3. 
a. Wu, Fantai [the mandarin in Qing Dynasty] 
b-c. Pere/Frere Julianus Verliaeghen

4.
a. [A group of missionaries, She Kou Mountain]
b. Monsigneur Fenouil [?] Vicaire apostolique of Yunnan.
c. Shun Yat-sen. [Shun Yat-sen (1866-1925), Chinese Constitution revolutionary and political leader, called Father of the Nation. He overthrew the Qing Dynasty and was the first provisional president in the Republic China, founded in 1912]

5.
a. [Studio portrait] / Photograph by Harrison, South Kensington. Inscribed "Yours sincerely Siskeong Lueken"
b. Monsigneur Verliaeghen 
c. L'Eveque Theolirnus Verliaeghen

6.
a. Opening ceremony of the Shansi University. Governor-Literary Chancellor - Yang the Director –  Wu the Fantai - Feng the Nichtai - Lien the Taotai. Liu Chih Fu. Yung Nich tai. [The university was established in 1st May,1904. The governor of Shansi Province asked for the merging of the Chinese and the western School founded by Timothy Richard, the British missionary into Shansi University]
b. Lien Ta Shuai. Cheng Tartai. Pi Szu Shih

7.
a. Fantai, Futai, Literary Chancellor, Nith? tai, Yang, Tartai, Professors and officials
b. Group of officials at Anna Miven [?]

8.
a. Officials of Ti hua fu
b. Professors and officials of the Agricultural Camp. Yao sitting next to Professor Okada

9.
a. Mongol soldiers – “the middle one came to see me”- Morrison
b. Chief Pei Ying and his officers outside Ponghong office 7th June 1913
c. Gent-Ma Yu Kun and staff
d. [Female soldiers in] the Chinese Republic Amazon Crops, Shanghai
e. [New Army soldiers in 1906]

10.
a. Yuan Shih-kai [or Shikai]... Dec 14th 1914 (engraving)
b. [Studio portrait of] Eki Hioki, Peking 16/9/16.  Eki Hioki (1861-1926), Japanese minister to China.He represented Japanese government to deliver the “21 demands” to president Yuan Shih-Kai on 18th January,1915. He threatened Yuan : the treaty must be signed as soon as possible and keep secret. 
c. Bishop Verliaeghen at his appointment

11.
a. [Group portrait with Sir Claude MacDonald (1st from left sitting in the 2nd row from top), the British Royal Marines and other defenders after the siege of the foreign legations, Peking, 1900] 
b,c,f. [Chinese officer of the new Troops (1st on the left) and Western officers at the Autumn Manoeuvre, 1906]
d. [Soldiers of No.3 Sea Battalion of Germany in 1900]
e. [Russian barricade in the Legation Quarter of Peking in 1900]
g. [Russian officers at the Autumn Manoeuvre, 1906]
h. [Morrison talking to a Russian officer at the Autumn manoeuvre, 1906]

12.
a. [Tok tan tai chi, .... C. in C. of the Mongol troops, a famous Mongolian robber chief]
b. K. Hayashide - Japanese [Hayashide Kenjiro]
c. Bodg Khan
d. Le Khanbo - Lama Agovan Dordji [Agvan Dorjiev]

13. Postcards
a. Sun Wen [Sun Yat-sen], President of the Provisional Government of the Republic China
b. Chang Tai Ten. A noted Revolutionist
c. Lung Chi Kuang. Revolutionary Commissioner of Conciliation at Kwangtung [Province]
d. [Group portrait illustrated with flags]
e. Wen Tsung Yao. Sub-Director of Foreign Affairs for the Republic Government of China
f. [Group portrait]
g. Huang Hsing. The Secretary of War of Republic China
h. Sung Chiao jen. Chairman of the Legislative Body of the Chinese Republic Government
i. Li Yuan Hung Vice-President of the Provisional Government of the Chinese Republic
j. Dr. Wu Ting Fang. Director of Foreign Affairs for the Republic Government of China.

14.
a. Tsen chun hsuan
b. Yi Kwan
c. [Group portrait]
d. ... M. Inayaki Dec 11th 1901 Bangkok, Siam
e. [Portrait of two men in uniform] / photographed by K. Murakami, Seoul, Korea

15.
a. [Yuan Shikai in civilian dress]
b. Tuan chung-chi ... 
c. Tochtan taichi
d. [Chung Chih-tung (1837-1909), Governor General of Hubei and Hunan Province, a native of Nanpi, Chihli Province (now Hopeh), taken with a British officer at Paoting, Chihli Province, 14 May, 1903]
e. [Group photo, May 14. 1903. Paoting fu Chang Chih-tung and the local mandarins in Chihli with British officers]

16.
a. Hu Yu-fen, [native of Shchow, Anhui Province. He was the manager of the Marco Polo Bridge-Tientsin railway and a general of the Ding Wu army, the predecessor of the New Troops]
b. Peng Ying Chia. Tientsin, 20/6/1915. [Peng devoted himself to the reform as Taptai in Kansu Province and became the President of the Provincial Bureau of Foreign Affairs and other offices]
c. [Chao Erh-feng (1846-1911), Chinese “Bannerman”, was Acting Viceroy of Sichuan during the Revolution of 1911. He was killed by the insurrectionary army]
d. Chao Mien formerly in Telegraphs Bureau ...
e. Hwang Chung-huei (1844-1927), [assistant to Chao Erh-hsun, acting manager of Ministry of Finance in 1904 and former Governor of Hunan]
f. ... Lingohwang, Peking, April 1903
g. N. Uchida, Peking

17. Printed postcards
a. Chu Jui. Commander in chief of the Chekiang Division of the Allied Army in the attack of Nanking
b. Hsu Shao Cheng. Commander in Chief of the Kiangsu and Chekiang Division of the Allied Army in the attack of Nanking.
c. Wu Chieh Chang. Former General of Kiangse
d. Ku Tsung Shen. Staff-officer of the Kiangsu Division of the Allied Army in the attack of Nanking
e. Cheng Te Chuan. Generalissimo of Kiangsu 
f. Chiang Ten Hsing. General of Chingkiangpu
g. Chuang Yun Kuan. Acting General of Kiangsu
h. Tan Yen Kai. General of Hunan

18. Printed postcards
a. Hu Han Min. General of Kwangtung
b. Ma Yu Pao. General of Kiangse
c. Wang Chao Ming. General of Kwangtung
d. Chen Chiung Ming. Assistant General of Kwangtu, [then] Acting General of Kuangtung
e. General Wu Lu Chen. [He was] murdered at Shinkiachwang Station, Chihli
f. Lan Tien Wei. General of Kwangtung
g. Chen Chi Mei. General of Shanghai
h. Sun Tao Jen. General of Foochow

19.
a. Mongolian princess
b. Shen ke-wei/Shen Chien. Beaten to death, Friday 31.7.1903.  [Revolutionary Shen Chien participated in the Zili army uprising of 1901. He then went on to carry out investigative journalism in Peking in the guise of an antique merchant and was able to gain access to the as yet unsigned Sino-Russian secret treaty, the contents of which he published in a newspaper]
c. [Morrison's household staff and their family]
d. [Snapshot of man in a courtyard]
e. Dr. Lei (1st from left) and his staff of I Section Office in old theatre
f. Le Colonel Aoki.
g. A bad street in Section II (Dr Hou - Japanese .... [Anti-plague team in Section II ]
h. [Studio portrait of woman in a kimono]

Item 26: Identified Asian portraits, ca. 1900-1920 / photographs from the papers of George Ernest Morrison

Blends of biodiesels produced from soapnut oil and high-oleic free fatty acids (FFAs), which are potential non-edible oil feedstocks, were investigated with respect to their fuel properties. The soapnut oil methyl esters (SNME) had satisfactory fuel properties with the exception of its high cold filter plugging point. In contrast, the biodiesel from the FFAs had favorable fuel properties such as a low cold filter plugging point of −6 °C; however, it exhibits poor oxidation stability with an induction period (IP) of 0.2 h. The complementary blend of the SNME and the FFA-based biodiesel at various weight ratios was studied to improve the fuel properties. As a result, the biodiesel blend at a weight ratio of 70:30 can successfully meet all the biodiesel specifications, except the marginal oxidation stability. Furthermore, the effectiveness of N,N’-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine at the concentration between 100 and 500 ppm on the improvement in the oxidation stability of the biodiesel blend was examined. The relationship between the IP values associated with the consumption of antioxidants in the biodiesel blends was described by first-order reaction rate kinetics. In addition, the natural logarithm of IP (ln IP) at various concentrations of antioxidant presented a linear relation with the test temperature. The IP at ambient temperature can be predicted based on the extrapolation of the temperature dependence relation.

Energies (Basel), 2012-08, Vol.5 (8), p.3137-3148

A Complementary Biodiesel Blend from Soapnut Oil and Free Fatty Acids

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Item 26: Identified Asian portraits, ca. 1900-1920 / photographs from the papers of George Ernest Morrison

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A Complementary Biodiesel Blend from Soapnut Oil and Free Fatty Acids

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