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1. At the fair at Tien Chang i
2. Remnant of a former Temple 
3. My carts near Pinchow 
4. Avenue on way to Ping Liang fu 
5. View in Pai Shin Ssu 
6. Guard-house with five beacons and watch-tower seen every 10 li 
7. Loess gutch near Hui Ning hsien. 
8. Children who gather animal droppings 
9. Wayside shrine with praying-wheel moved by water from spring 
10. The Great Wall with the guard-house and the mud ruins - the characteristic feature of the country. My two ponies below 
11. Shih pa li p’u. People standing at my inn door 
12. 15 li west from … on way to Ku lan hsien 
13. A village beauty 
14. Liang chow - main street 
15. Liang chow. Twin pagodas inside Anting Men 
16. Liangchow - view looking N. from Chung lou 
17. Bishop Otto's seminary 
18. My guide from Bishop Otto's - at 40 li p’u 
19. Tsu chih li p’u  - characteristic ruins. 
20. The ordinary defensible occupied farmstead of Liangchow plain 
21. My carts and ponies 
22. Dagoba at Shan tan hsien 
23. Village 15 li west of Shan tan hsien 
24. Kanchow - the Tien chu t’ang 
25. The Buddhist Temple with the gigantic reclining Buddha. 
26. Train of camels in the soda-incrusted spongy plain 10 miles east of Kao Tai hsien 
27. Farmhouse on outskirts of Hei Ch’uan 
28. View of watch-tower in oasis of Lin Shui 
29. View from Splingaerd’s yamen looking north. Suchow 
30. My caravan 20 li east of Chia Yu Kuan 
31. Chia Yu Kuan 
32. Chia Yu Kuan 
33. The only soldier in the guard-house at midday. Old style. No arms in guard-house. 
34. Group at our mid-day rest-house 
35. Old woman by high-wheeled cart in Huo Kou 
36. The only inn at the stage of Ch’i tao kou 
37. Only shelter for 30 miles between Ch’iho Chin hsia & Yumen hsien 
38. Midday halt in the desert 
39. The two Taoist priests of the wayside Kuan ti miao at Huang Yuan tzu midway to Sha Ch’uan 
40. The Kuan ti miao, built by the Taotai Hsu - Chien Ch’uan tzu (soda spring) 
41. Chang Lui Shui 
42. Huang Lu Kang 
43. Ch’ant’ous at Hami 
44. South gate of Hsin Ch’eng 
45. Tomb of Hami princes 
46. Village of Erh p’o Ch’ant’ou. Village inns kept by Chinese. 
47. My ch’ai Jen from Liao Tun 
48. The pei lu on the way to T’ou Shui 
49. Unemployed seated near domed-shaped shelter 
50. Tsu Shih li p’o where we camped in the open steppe 
51. Ch’ant’ou man and Mohammedan boy near Urumchi 
52. Urumchi. Liang P’eng 
53. Urumchi. The Duke Lan. 
54. Urumchi. The Provincial Treasurer 
55. Urumchi. Site of execution of Chang Yin-huan 
56. Camel caravan of Hassas in Steppes. 
57. Cart with load of brushwood in plain - much dust 
58. Island and Temple in Sairan Nor near San T’ai. 
59. In the Pine Pass between the lake and Erh T’ai 
60. Ku Lou of Hsin Ch’eng 
61. On the way to Kuldja 
62. Kuldja. The Ili Ferry  
63. View in Kuldja. 
64. Taranchi father at Tu ma shuk pa ta ha. 
65. Hassa tents and sheep near Ili valley 
66. The Ili ferry 
67. Hassa oxen in defile - carrying timber 
68. Caravan in hills - Chinese - Aksu Kuchar and others going to Aksu 
69. Lamasery of Hu no kai 
70. Sarts purchasing horses 
71. Musart Pass 
72. Musart Pass. On the Japarlik Glacier. 
73. Tan’Ta Shih from across the Musart R [River] 
74. My caravan bashi - Kuldja to Aksu 
75. View looking up the lower Musart Valley 
76. Hsin Ch’eng. 
77. Ferry at the Aksu River 
78. Our inn-yard in Hsin Cheng. 
79. Our people at Chadir 
80. Kupru Robart. Late in the evening 
81. On the way to Kashgar 
82. Kashgar 
83. Kashgar 
84. Kashgar 
85. Kashgar 
86. Kashgar 
87. Kashgar 
88. Kashgar 
89. Tablet Temple. Min Yul 
90. Kirghez tent and child 
91. River crossing at Aksalar 
92. Ulugchat 
93. Fort at Yehgin 
94. The Kizil Su near Irkeshtam - camel packs in the bed - among them Macartney’s Tarantass 
95. Khirgiz old gentleman in the Tuan Muran 
96. Khirgiz lady on the Tuan Muran 
97. View looking W. from the Taldek Pass 
98. Near Kizil Kurghan 
99. Cart near Osh

Item 04: Photographs of China, 1910 / from the papers of George Ernest Morrison

1. Feb 1st. At the fair at Tien Chang i.
2. Feb 1st. At the fair at Tien Chang i.
3. Feb 1st. Remnant of a former Temple.
4. Feb 2nd. East gate of Chienchou.
5. Feb 4th. My carts near Pinchow.
6. Feb 4th. Seven storied Pagoda of Pinchow.
7. Feb 7th. Avenue on way to Ping Liang fu.
8. Feb 7th. Two police of Chingchow escorting me - carry knives.
9. Feb 7th. View in Pai Shin Ssu.
10. Feb 7th. Old woman of 80 near Pai Shui Ssu.
11. Feb 8th. Guard-house with five beacons and watch-tower seen every 10 li.
12. Feb 8th. Pagoda of Ping Liang fu.
13. Feb 13th. Loess gulch near Hui Ning hsien. 
14. Feb 13th. Lanchow.	
15. Feb 25th. Children who gather animal droppings.
16. Feb 25th. Water-mill near Hsiao Lou Chih.
17. Feb 25th. Wayside shrine with praying-wheel moved by water from spring.
18. Feb 25th. Pavilion crossing roadway - common object.
19. March 1st. The Great Wall with the guard-house and the mud ruins - the characteristic feature of the country. My two ponies below.
20. March 2nd. Lung Kou p’u – the ordinary stage.
21. March 2nd. Shih pa li p’u. People standing at my inn door.
22. March 3rd. Official letter carrier.
23. March 3rd.  15 11 west from        on way to Ku lan hsien.
24. March 3rd.  Mountains bordering plain on south.
25. March 3rd.  A village beauty.
26. March 3rd.  Ruined gate of former walled town Chin pien i. showing the characteristic destruction.
27. March 4th. Liangchow - main street.
28. March 4th. S.E. corner tower of Liangchow
29. March 4th. Liangchow. Twin pagodas inside Anting men.
30. March 5th. Grave mounds near S. gate of Liangchow.
31. March 5th. Liangchow - view looking N. from Ching lou.
32. March 6th. Mr. Preedy at the west gate of Liangchow.
33. March 6th. Bishop Otto's seminary.
34. March 7th. Mgr. Otto at his church.
35. March 7th. My guide from Bishop Otto's - at 40 li p’u.
36. March 7th. Tsu shih li p’u. Ruins characteristic of whole plain.
37. March 7th. Tsu chih li p’u. Characteristic ruins.
38. March 7th. Tsu chih li p’u. Inhabited portion among the ruins. 
39. March 8th. The ordinary defensible occupied farmstead of Liangchow plain.
40. March 8th. A Chih li exile at Yung Chang hsien.
41. March 9th. My carts and ponies.
42. March 9th. Our inn-yard at Shui chuan.
43. March 11th. Dagoba at Shan tan hsien.
44. March 11th. Tafossu 10 li west of Shan tan hsien.
45. March 11th. Village 15 li west of Shan tan hsien.
46. March 11th. 'Great Wall' near Shan tan hsien.					
47. March 12th. Kanchow - the Tien chu t’ang.
48. March 12th. In village near Kanchow.
49. March 12th. The Buddhist Temple with the gigantic reclining Buddha. 
50. March 12th. Kanchow - the Dagoba.
51. March 13th. Train of ten camels in the soda-encrusted spongy plain ten miles east of Kao Tai hsien.
52. March 15th. Hei Ch’uan.
53. March 15th. Farmhouse on outskirts of Hei Ch’uan.
54. March 16th. Hung Tsu Miao, 10 li west of Hua Ch’iang tzu on sand hillock overlooking Hui ho. 
55. March 18th. View of watch-tower in oasis of Lin Shui.
56. March 19th. Suchow. Ku lou from east.
57. March 19th. View from Splingaerd’s yamen looking north. Suchow.
58. March 19th. Suchow – a lama.
59. March 21st. My caravan 20 li east of Chia Yu Kuan.
60. March 22nd. Chia Yu Kuan from the east.
61. March 22nd. Chia Yu Kuan.
62. March 22nd. View from Chia Yu Kuan looking south along the wall and trench.
63. March 22nd. Chia Yu Kuan.
64. March 22nd. Midday halt. Views of ruins inside wall. Quite empty.
65. March 22nd. The only soldier in the guard-house at midday. Old style. No arms in Guard house. 
66. March 22nd. Our midday rest house midway between Chia Yu Kuan and Hui Hui p’o.
67. March 22nd. Group at our midday rest house.	
68. March 22nd. The Fort wall at the midday camp.
69. March 23rd. Old woman by high-wheeled cart in Huo Kou.
70. March 24th. Only shelter for 30 miles between Ch’iho Chin hsia and Yu men hsien.
71. March 26th. The only inn at the stage of Ch’i tao kou.
72. March 27th. Our caravan in the plain 20 li E. of Lo T’o ching.
73. March 28th. East gate of Ansichow ruins. Gate towers dismantled. Sand backed up against wall. Gale of wind and dust.
74. March 30th. Desert stage of Pai Tun Tze from the top of the watch-tower.
75. March 31st. Midday halt in the desert.
76. April 1st. Ta Ch’uan, third stage in desert.		
77. April 3rd. The two Taoist priests of the wayside Kuan ti miao at Huang Yuan tzu midway to Sha Ch’uan.
78. April 3rd. Hsing Hsing Hsia.
79. April 3rd. The Kuan ti miao, built by the Taotai Hsu - Chien Ch’uan tzu (soda spring).
80. April 6th. The pond in Chang Lui Shui.
81. April 6th. Chang Lui Shui.
82. April 7th. My Ch’ai Jen with the Tower carbine.
83. April 7th. Huang Lu Kang.
84. April 7th. View north of Huang Lu Kang.
85. April 8th. Ch’ant’ous at Hami.
86. April 8th. Ch’ant’ous at Hami.
87. April 8th. South gate of Hsin Ch’eng.
88. April 9th. Hami. The three children of the Russian subject agent of the Te Sheng Yang hang.						
89. April 10th. Tomb of Hami princes.
90. April 10th. Ploughing close to the Hami princes’ tomb.
91. April 11th. Village of Erh p’o Ch’ant’ou. Village inns kept by Chinese.
92. April 12th. Our midday halt in the desert.
93. April 14th. My Ch’ai Jen from Liao Tun.
94. April 15th. The stage of …  in narrow pass in the hills.
95. April 16th. The pei lu on the way to T’ou Shui.
96. April 17th. Ta Shih t’ou stage in the pass among the hills.
97. April 17th. Unemployed seated near domed-shaped shelter.
98. April 20th. Main street of Ku Ch’eng tzu.
99. April 20th. Tsu Shih li p’o where we camped in the open steppe.
100. April 21st. Chant’ou of 78.
101. April 24th. Ch’ant’ou man and Mohammedan boy near Urumchi.
102. April 24th. Urumchi. Ts’ai Shen Maio in Nam Kuan.
103. April 24th Urumchi. Liang P’eng.
104. April 24th. Urumchi. Rev. G.W. Hunter.
105. April 24th. Urumchi. The Duke Lan.
106. April 24th. Urumchi. The Provincial Treasurer.
107. April 24th. Urumchi. The Provincial Judge.
108. April 24th. Urumchi. Big south gate looking up street. Note pickle-jars on roof. 
109. April 24th. Urumchi. Site of execution of Chang Yin-huan.
110. April 24th. Urumchi Russian Hangs opposite the Russian Consulate.
111. May 10th. Camel caravans of Hassas in steppes. 
112. May 10th. My tarantass.
113. May 15th. Cart with load of brushwood - in plain much dust.
114. May 18th. San T’ai on Sairan Nor.
115. May 18th. Island and Temple in Sairan Nor near San T’ai.
116. May 18th. In the Pine Pass between the lake and Erh T’ai.
117. May 18th. In the Pine Pass between the lake and Erh T’ai. 
118. May 18th. Hassas near Sairan Nor en trek for Tarbagatai. 
119. May 18th. Hassas near Sairan Nor en trek for Tarbagatai.  
120. May 20th. Ku Lou of Hsin Ch’eng.
121. May 20th. Ku Lou of Hsin Ch’eng.
122. May 20th. On the way to Kuldja.
123. May 20th. Mongols in Kuldja - man and woman.
124. May 20th. Ferry at the Ili River at Kuldja. 
125. May 20th. Kuldja. The Ili Ferry.
126. May 20th. Ku lou of Kuldja.
127. May 20th. View in Kuldja.
128. May 28th. Our inn-yard - Kuldja.
129. May 29th. Taranchi father at Tu ma shuk pa ta ha. 
130. May 29th. Taranchi mother.
131. May 29th. Hassa tents and sheep near Ili valley.
132. May 29th. The Ili ferry.
133. May 29th. The Ili ferry.
134. May 30th. View at the Pass between the Ili and Tekes. 
135. May 30th. Hassa oxen in defile - dragging timber.	
136. May 31st. Early morning. Our Mongol mill at the creek where we had passed the night.									
137. May 31st. Caravan in hills. Chinese - Aksu Kuchar and others going to Aksu.
138. June 1st. Lamasery of Hu no kai.
139. June 1st. Lamasery of Hu no kai.	
140. June 1st. Group of Lamas by tent close to Lamesery in Hu no kai. 
141. June 1st. Sarts purchasing horses.
142. June 5th. Musart Pass.
143. June 5th. Musart Pass.		
144. June 5th. Musart Pass. On the Japarlik Glacier.
145. June 5th. Musart Pass. On the Japarlik Glacier.	
146. June 6th. View from the Ma p’o tzu at Hua Hsuan tzu or Khai luk.
147. June 6th. Tan’Ta Shih from across the Musart River.
148. June 6th. Hua Hsuan Tzu - Khai luk.
149. June 6th. My caravan bashi - Kuldja to Aksu.
150. June 7th. Barrier of K’o li chia.
151. June 7th. View looking up the lower Musart Valley.
152. June 7th. The Ma p’o tzu on the way to Khurgan.
153. June 11th. Hsin Ch’eng.
154. June 12th. Ferry at the Aksu River.
155. June 12th. Ferry at the Aksu River.
156. June 12th. Young wife at the Ferry of the Aksu River.
157. June 12th. Our inn-yard in Hsin Cheng.
158. June 13th. Stage in the desert of Shu tu ku tuk.
159. June 15th. Our people at Chadir.
160. June 15th. Chadir.
161. June 19th. Kupru Robart. Late in evening.
162. June 21st. Beggar on the way to Kashgar.
163. June 21st. On the way to  Kashgar.
164. June 21st. On the way to  Kashgar.
165. June 21st. Kashgar.
166. June 21st. Kashgar.
167. June 21st. Kashgar.
168. June 21st. Kashgar.
169. June 21st. Kashgar.
170. June 21st. Kashgar.
171. June 21st. Kashgar.
172. June 21st. Kashgar.
173. June 21st. Kashgar.
174. June 21st. Kashgar.
175. June 21st. Kashgar.
176. June 21s.t Kashgar.
177. June 21st. Kashgar.
178. June 21st. Macartney’s Tibetan cook.
179. July 3rd. Tablet Temple - Min Yul.
180. July 3rd. Min Yul.		
181. July 4th. Kirghez tent and child.	
182. July 5th. View at Aksalar
183. July 5th. River crossing at Aksalar.
184. July 5th. Ulugchat.
185. July 5th. Ulugchat.
186. July 5th. Kizil Su near Ulugchat.
187. July 6th. Fort at Yehgin.						
188. July 6th. The Kizil Su Valley near Irkeshtam.
189. July 6th. The Kizil Su near Irkeshtam - camel packs in the bed. Among them Macartney’s Tarantass.
190. July 7th. Khirgiz Tents on the Tuan Muran where passed night.
191. July 7th. Khirgiz old gentleman in the Tuan Muran.
192. July 7th. View from our camp on the Tuan Muran.
193. July 7th. Khirgiz lady on the Tuan Muran.
194. July 8th. View on the route after passing the Taldek Pass.
195. July 8th. View looking west from the Taldek Pass.		
196. July 9th. Near Kizil Kurghan.
197. July 9th. Near Kizil Kurghan.
198. July 9th. Near Kizil Kurghan. 
199. July 10th. Cart near Osh.
200. July 10th. On the way to Osh.

2. Feb. 1st At the fair at Tien Chang I

6. Feb. 4th Seven storied Pagoda of Pinchow

45. March llth Village 15 li. west of Shan tan Usien

Item 02: Photographs of China, 1910 / from the papers of George Ernest Morrison

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a common kidney disease caused by mutations in
PKD1
or
PKD2
. Metformin reduces cyst growth in mouse models of
PKD1
. However, metformin has not been studied in animal models of
PKD2
, and the cellular mechanism underlying its effectiveness is not entirely clear. This study investigated the effects of metformin on cyst formation in a zebrafish model of polycystin-2 deficiency resulting from morpholino knockdown of
pkd2
. We added metformin (2.5 to 20 mM) to the embryo media between 4 and 48 hours post fertilisation and observed pronephric cyst formation by using the
wt1b
promoter-driven GFP signal in
Tg
(
wt1b:GFP
)
pkd2
morphants. Metformin inhibited pronephric cyst formation by 42–61% compared with the untreated controls. Metformin also reduced the number of proliferating cells in the pronephric ducts, the degree of dorsal body curvature, and the infiltration of leukocytes surrounding the pronephros. Moreover, metformin treatment increased the phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and enhanced autophagy in the pronephros. Our data suggest that metformin reduces cyst formation through activation of the AMPK pathway and modulation of defective cellular events such as proliferation and autophagy. These results also imply that metformin could have therapeutic potential for ADPKD treatment.

Scientific reports, 2017-08, Vol.7 (1), p.7161-12, Article 7161

Metformin Inhibits Cyst Formation in a Zebrafish Model of Polycystin-2 Deficiency

Leptospirosis is an often overlooked cause of acute kidney injury that can lead to multiple organ failure and even death. The principle protein that conserved in many pathogenic leptospires is the outer membrane protein LipL32. However, the role of LipL32 in the pathogenesis of renal injury in leptospirosis is not entirely clear. Here we studied the effects of LipL32 on the developing kidney in zebrafish larvae. Incubation of zebrafish larvae with
Leptospira santarosai
serovar Shermani induced acute tubular injury predominantly in the proximal pronephric ducts. Furthermore, microinjection of
lipl32
mRNA or recombinant LipL32 protein into zebrafish larvae increased macrophage accumulation and disrupted the basolateral location of NA-K-ATPase in pronephric ducts. These changes led to substantial impairment of the pronephric kidney structure. We further demonstrated that morpholino knockdown of
tlr2
, but not
tlr4
, reduced the LipL32-induced leukocyte infiltration and kidney injury. These data demonstrate that LipL32 contributes to the renal pathology in leptospirosis and gives some clues to the potential virulence of LipL32. Our results support the use of zebrafish as a model organism for studying the disease mechanism of leptospiral infection. This model might permit the future exploration of the virulence and molecular pathways of different leptospiral outer membrane proteins.

Scientific reports, 2016-06, Vol.6 (1), p.27838, Article 27838

Leptospiral outer membrane protein LipL32 induces inflammation and kidney injury in zebrafish larvae

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Item 04: Photographs of China, 1910 / from the papers of George Ernest Morrison

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Item 02: Photographs of China, 1910 / from the papers of George Ernest Morrison

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Metformin Inhibits Cyst Formation in a Zebrafish Model of Polycystin-2 Deficiency

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Leptospiral outer membrane protein LipL32 induces inflammation and kidney injury in zebrafish larvae

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