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Echos (Paris, France), 2022-03-14

Le trouble alimentaire

Le Téléjournal, 2018

L'obsession de manger sainement, un trouble alimentaire de plus en plus répandu

La Presse Canadienne, 2016

Le trouble alimentaire de Bouchard fait ressortir un certain double standard

Sensory responses to the taste, smell, and texture of foods help determine food preferences and eating habits. However, sensory responses alone do not predict food consumption. The view that a "sweet tooth" leads to obesity through excess sugar consumption is overly narrow. In reality, there are multiple links between taste perceptions, taste preferences, food preferences, and food choices and the amount of food consumed. Taste responses are influenced by a range of genetic, physiological, and metabolic variables. The impact of taste factors on food intake further depends on sex and age and is modulated by obesity, eating disorders, and other pathologies of eating behavior. Food preferences and food choices of populations are further linked to attitudinal, social, and--probably most important--economic variables such as income. Nutrition education and intervention strategies aimed at improving population diets ought to consider sensory pleasure response to foods, in addition to a wide range of demographic and sociocultural variables

Annual review of nutrition, 1997-01, Vol.17 (1), p.237-253

Taste preferences and food intake

Echos (Paris, France), 2022-03-12

Matières premières, consommation, marchés financiers : le trouble alimentaire

Recent research on Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa has yielded an increasingly detailed understanding of the range of biological and psychological abnormalities associated with these eating disorders. Inherited vulnerabilities, cultural pressures, and adverse individual and family experiences all appear to contribute to the onset of extreme dieting, binge eating, and purging. Once initiated, these behaviors give rise to multiple physiological disturbances, some of which may serve to perpetuate the illness. Although there have been substantial advances in the management of Bulimia Nervosa, the goal of offering effective treatment to all individuals with eating disorders remains elusive. This article reviews current thinking on the etiology and treatment of the two major eating disorders and a related syndrome, Binge Eating Disorder

Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science), 1998-05, Vol.280 (5368), p.1387-1390

Eating disorders: progress and problems

Receptor subunits for the neurocytokine ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) share sequence similarity with the receptor for leptin, an adipocyte-derived cytokine involved in body weight homeostasis. We report here that CNTF and leptin activate a similar pattern of STAT factors in neuronal cells, and that mRNAs for CNTF receptor subunits, similarly to the mRNA of leptin receptor, are localized in mouse hypothalamic nuclei involved in the regulation of energy balance. Systemic administration of CNTF or leptin led to rapid induction of the tis-11 primary response gene in the arcuate nucleus, suggesting that both cytokines can signal to hypothalamic satiety centers. Consistent with this idea, CNTF treatment of ob/ob mice, which lack functional leptin, was found to reduce the adiposity, hyperphagia, and hyperinsulinemia associated with leptin deficiency. Unlike leptin, CNTF also reduced obesity-related phenotypes in db/db mice, which lack functional leptin receptor, and in mice with diet-induced obesity, which are partially resistant to the actions of leptin. The identification of a cytokine-mediated anti-obesity mechanism that acts independently of the leptin system may help to develop strategies for the treatment of obesity associated with repair resistance

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 1997-06, Vol.94 (12), p.6456-6461

Ciliary neurotrophic factor corrects obesity and diabetes associated with leptin deficiency and resistance

Actualité médicale, 2013-10, Vol.34 (14), p.44

L'alcoolorexie un trouble alimentaire en hausse

Comorbidity of diabetes and eating disorders. Does diabetes control reflect disturbed eating behavior?
S Herpertz ,
C Albus ,
R Wagener ,
M Kocnar ,
R Wagner ,
A Henning ,
F Best ,
H Foerster ,
B Schulze Schleppinghoff ,
W Thomas ,
K Köhle ,
K Mann and
W Senf
Clinic of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Essen, Germany. stephan.herpertz@uni-essen.de
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This multicenter study was designed to explore the prevalence of clinical and subclinical eating disorders (EDs),
the extent of intentional omission of insulin and oral antidiabetic agents, and its relationship to glycemic control in an
inpatient and outpatient population of men and women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Data have
been collected from 12 diabetes medical centers in two German cities. In a questionnaire and interview-based study, a sample
of male and female patients (n = 341 type 1, n = 322 type 2) was assessed for the following eating disorders: anorexia nervosa,
bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, and eating disorder not otherwise specified. For lack of interview data of several
patients meeting the screening criteria, prevalence ranges were calculated. RESULTS: The overall prevalence range of current
EDs was 5.9-8.0% (lifetime prevalence 10.3-14.0%). When patients were stratified according to type 1 and type 2 diabetes,
there was no difference in prevalence of EDs. However, the distribution of the EDs was different in both types of diabetes,
with a predominance of binge eating disorder in the type 2 diabetes sample. Type 1 (5.9%) and type 2 (2.2%) diabetic patients
reported deliberate omission of hyperglycemic drugs (insulin or oral agents) in order to lose weight. Compared with control
subjects, neither the presence of EDs nor insulin omission influenced diabetic control. CONCLUSIONS: There seems to be no
difference in prevalence rates of EDs in both types of diabetes; however, distribution of EDs is different. The findings suggest
that neither EDs nor insulin omission are necessarily associated with poor control of glycemia. Binge eating disorder seems
to precede type 2 diabetes in most patients and could be one of the causes of obesity that often precedes type 2 diabetes.

Diabetes care, 1998-07, Vol.21 (7), p.1110-1116

Comorbidity of diabetes and eating disorders: does diabetes control reflect disturbed eating behavior?

Refusal to eat by the elderly, and subsequent malnutrition, occurs in both institutional and community settings. Causes include physiologic changes associated with aging, mental disorders such as dementia and depression, and medical, social, and environmental factors. Treatment approaches call for management of these causes while considering the roles that medicine, ethics, and culture play in the process

Nutrition reviews, 1998-06, Vol.56 (6), p.163-171

Refusal to eat in the elderly

The mahogany (mg) locus originally was identified as a recessive suppressor of agouti, a locus encoding a skin peptide that modifies coat color by antagonizing the melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor or MC1-R Certain dominant alleles of agouti cause an obesity syndrome when ectopic expression of the peptide aberrantly antagonizes the MC4-R, a related melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor expressed in hypothalamic circuitry and involved in the regulation of feeding behavior and metabolism. Recent work has demonstrated that mg, when homozygous, blocks not only the ability of agouti to induce a yellow coat color when expressed in the skin of the lethal yellow mouse (A(Y)), but also the obesity resulting from ectopic expression of agouti in the brain. Detailed analysis of mg/mg A(Y)/a animals, presented here, demonstrates that mg/mg blocks the obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and increased linear growth induced by ectopic expression of the agouti peptide. Remarkably, however, mg/mg did not reduce hyperphagia in the A(Y)/a mouse. Furthermore, mg/mg induced hyperphagia and an increase in basal metabolic rate in the C57BL/6J mouse in the absence of A(Y). Consequently, although mahogany is broadly required for agouti peptide action, it also appears to be involved in the control of metabolic rate and feeding behavior independent of its suppression of agouti

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 1998-10, Vol.95 (21), p.12707-12712

Mahogany (mg) stimulates feeding and increases basal metabolic rate independent of its suppression of agouti

Subclinical and clinical eating disorders in IDDM negatively affect metabolic control.
S G Affenito ,
J R Backstrand ,
G W Welch ,
C J Lammi-Keefe ,
N R Rodriguez and
C H Adams
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs 06269, USA. affenito@uconnvm.uconn.edu
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To characterize the relationship of subclinical and clinical eating disorders to HbA1c values in women with IDDM.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Ninety women with IDDM (18-46 years of age) were recruited from diabetes clinics throughout Connecticut
and Massachusetts. Subjects were categorized into one of three groups according to the Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM-III-R) criteria for eating disorders as follows: the clinical group (n = 14), the subclinical group (partially
fulfilling the diagnostic criteria; n = 13), and the control group (n = 63). Group differences in the degree of dietary restraint,
binge eating, and bulimic behaviors and weight, shape, and eating concerns were assessed with the Eating Disorder Examination
(EDE) and the Bulimia Test Revised (BULIT-R). RESULTS: Women with subclinical and clinical eating disorders had clinically
elevated HbA1c results and more diabetes-related complications, compared with the control subjects. The severity of bulimic
behaviors, weight concerns, reduced BMI, and decreased frequency of blood glucose monitoring were associated with elevated
HbA1c. CONCLUSIONS: HbA1c may have clinical utility in the identification of eating disorder behavior in females with IDDM.
Health care professionals should be aware of the potent effect of subclinical and clinical eating behaviors including insulin
misuse in weight-conscious women with IDDM who have poor glycemic control.

Diabetes care, 1997-02, Vol.20 (2), p.182-184

Subclinical and clinical eating disorders in IDDM negatively affect metabolic control

Byrnes reviews Un zine sur mon trouble alimentaire, an autobiographical zine. Un zine sur mon trouble alimentaire deals with the author's struggle with anorexia and bulimia but there are no explicit images or descriptions.

Broken pencil, 2013-07 (60), p.41

Un zine sur mon trouble alimentaire

Journal of Health Education, 1997, Vol.28 (1), p.45

Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus and Eating Disorders: A Literature Review

Chlamydia psittaci var. felis is considered as a primary and important agent in the etiology of infectious diseases of the upper respiratory tract and eyes in cats, having zoonotic potential. We investigated 13 cats aged between 2 months and 7 years in which conjunctivitis, rhinitis, laryngotracheitis, bronchopneumonia, and lymph adenopathy was clinically diagnosed. To detect the antigen of C. psittaci the Clearview Chlamydia Direct Test was used for the first time. The presence of C. psittaci in 10 of 13 investigated cats and in 8 nasal mucosa smears from 10 cats were confirmed in conjunctiva. Using bacteriological examination different species of the genus Staphylococcus in conjunctiva from all 13 investigated animals were also confirmed. Serological investigation using complement fixation test was negative in all animals.

Folia microbiologica, 2002-08, Vol.47 (4), p.441-444

Chlamydial infection of cats and human health

Serotonin (5HT) is one of several neuromodulators of feeding. Experimentally reducing 5HT activity in animals increases food intake, while increasing 5HT activity has the opposite effect. Studies suggest that women with bulimia nervosa show signs of reduced 5HT activity, which may be related to binge eating. Data supporting the theory that reduced central nervous system 5HT activity may play a role in the pathophysiology of bulimia nervosa is reviewed. Disturbances of 5HT activity and the relationship to other psychopathology in bulimia nervosa, such as depression, substance abuse, and impulsivity, are also reviewed

Nutrition reviews, 1994-12, Vol.52 (12), p.399-408

Serotonin and bulimia nervosa

Although the normal liver has considerable ability to regenerate, advanced liver disease can significantly reduce this ability. In compensated liver disease, all efforts should be made to maintain nutrition status. In decompensated liver disease, symptoms of decompensation may require therapeutic dietetic intervention. Early nutrition assessment and dietetic intervention in the management of malnutrition, ascites, encephalopathy and esophageal varices are mandatory and have shown reduced morbidity and mortality in these patients

Nutrition reviews, 1997-01, Vol.55 (1), p.17-20

Nutrition and liver disease

Obesity is a major public health problem in the United States and is now recognized as a heterogeneous condition. This suggests that treatment effectiveness may be improved with an increased understanding of the multiple factors contributing to obesity. Recent data clearly indicate that one common and serious factor among a subset of the overweight population is binge eating. Dietitians in research settings, clinical settings, or private practice are likely to treat obese patients who are seeking weight-related treatment. This article provides an overview of current knowledge about obese persons who binge eat and recommends that dietitians who treat patients for weight-related conditions take a proactive role by screening them for binge eating problems or, at a minimum, screen those who are suspected of binge eating and then refine treatment approaches accordingly.
J Am Diet Assoc. 1996; 96:58-61.

Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 1996, Vol.96 (1), p.58-61

Binge Eating Among the Overweight Population: A Serious and Prevalent Problem

Objective To compare the psychosocial and weight-related concerns and weight control, eating, and exercise behaviors of overweight and nonoverweight Native American adolescents living on or near reservations.
Study design A cross-sectional survey assessed psychosocial, health, and weight-specific concerns; disordered eating; and health-promoting behaviors.
Study population The study population included 11,868 Native American youth in grades 7 through 12.
Statistical analyses performed Analyses of variance and χ
2 tests were used to examine associations between weight status and psychosocial and weight-related concerns and behaviors. Stratified analyses were done by gender and by gender and age.
Results Self-reported weights and heights indicated that 25% of the study population was overweight. Overweight youth were twice as likely to report health concerns as nonoverweight youth. Although a high percentage of nonoverweight youth expressed body- or weight-related concerns and reported engaging in disordered eating behaviors, prevalence rates for these concerns were significantly higher among overweight youth. Overweight youth were also somewhat less likely to engage in health-promoting behaviors. In contrast, differences in global psychosocial concerns were minimal.
Applications Overweight Native American youth were concerned about their weight, but did not appear to have major psychosocial concerns associated with being overweight. Interventions aimed at obesity prevention and overall health promotion are essential, given the high prevalence of obesity and of psychosocial and weight-related concerns and behaviors among the study population as a whole. The challenge is to develop culturally appropriate interventions aimed at the promotion of healthful weight control behaviors that will not lead to negative psychosocial consequences.

Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 1997-06, Vol.97 (6), p.598-604

Psychosocial Concerns and Weight Control Behaviors Among Overweight and Nonoverweight Native American Adolescents

Rudd, Scardinius erythrophthalmus (L.), larvae aged four days post-hatch and at the very beginning of swimbladder inflation were exposed to cadmium (0.0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 mg/l) at 22.0 deg C (plus minus 0.5 deg C) for 24 h. Following exposure, the larvae were reared in pure water in a recirculating system at 25.0 deg C (plus minus 0.5 deg C) for the subsequent nine days. Cadmium resulted in reduced larval growth and survival, retarded swimbladder inflation, and the delayed onset of exogenous feeding on live Artemia nauplii. All these effects were dependent on concentration. The differences between the effects of cadmium at the lowest and the highest concentrations were significant (P greater or equal 0.05). The results demonstrated the highly toxic effect of short-term exposure to 0.1-0.3 mg Cd/l in rudd larvae