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Bulletin Nos. 9 and 10, January and February 1942.
Letter from Chairman to Mr Henderson suggesting suspension of directors' fees due to the current situation April 7 1942. Copies of replies
Minutes of Meeting held on November 13, 1941, attached are memos for directors dated July 14, 1941; tables showing base year consumption and tonnage delivered 1939, 1940 and 1941; Memo to Mr Colin Syme January 29, 1942; Memo to Directors April 23, 1942. Minutes of Meeting on Tuesday, July 7, 1942 List of broadsheet pages per week of all the newspapers - August 5, 1942
Correspondence regarding Newsprint pool and a memo on the newsprint position in Australia at July 20, 1942.
Memo to Mr Dunstan on  the practicality of percentage cuts, August 1942
Tonnage (based on the then present consumption) of all newspapers, September 10, 1942
Memo to ANPA regarding schedules relating to stocks and consumption of newsprint August 17, 1942
Tonnage supplied by Newsprint Pool to October 20, 1942.
Draft directors' report November 12, 1942 List of points for Newspaper Supplies Board November 12, 1942 on Tasmania, price, accounts, sheet newsprint, free papers, allocation of costs and possible future shipments.
Memo on tonnage supplied to newsprint tool to December 25, 1942
Correspondence with Newsprint Manufacturers' Association of Canada regarding the present position acceptance of Aust.'s rationing limitations and shipping embargo February 1943
Revision of figures submitted for consumption of newsprint on the assumption that importation of newsprint from Canada will be resumed. February 18, 1943
Typed list of companies listing stock at December 31, 1942, Tas. quota, availability, consumption, suggested contributing to pool etc. February 1943.
List giving names of companies, First 2000 tons, balance of first priority, balance to complete 22,000 tons and amount required. in 1944 to maintain 12 months reserve. April 1943
Summary of balance of tonnage required during 1943. June 1943
Copies of Bowaters and Lloyd's invoicing covering: Shipment without wood ends; shipment with wood ends and statements showing the cost in i, (A) of each item on the invoices July 1943.
Letter from John Hughes, secretary to H & W T regarding investment of funds on fixed deposit and the replies from the various companies contacted. August 10, 1943
Notes for ANPA conference on May 11-13 1943 about newsprint position in Australia, newsprint price, price of dailies, position in England
List of reel newsprint users as at April 5, 1943.
List of Canadian shipments as at September 9, 1943
List of Companies, annual consumption, contributions to pool from Tasmania and from stock, requirements etc as at September 22, 1943
Cost of the first three shipments September 25, 1943
The War Essentiality of the Pulp and Paper Industry of Canada - Need for Immediate Action to Avert Shortage October 16, 1943
Newsprint Pool Trust Account -Financial Position as at December 31, 1943
Minutes of Meeting held on December 17, 1943
Newspaper Supplies Pty Limited 1942 -1945 (cont'd) Correspondence during July 1943 about the Newsprint Pool and its finances.
Correspondence regarding Annual General Meeting to be held on December 17, 1943. The correspondence refers once again to the financing of the newsprint pool.
Shipment of 1944 specifications. February 1944
Summary of newsprint shipments December 1943; January and February 1944
Memo on 1945 Import Requirements - March 1944
Report of Enquiries regarding 30-pound newsprint, February, 1944 (From Canada)
Circulation figures for half years ended September from 1939 to 1943 Mar 1944; total metropolitan circulations; comparison of consumption figures 1933 against 1938/9 and a memo to Mr Henderson on stocks in hand and usage based on these figures. Mar 27, 1944
Newsprint shipments to date March 1944; April 1944
Memo to directors — Treatment of Contributors Funds May 8, 1944
Further correspondence December 1943 - March 1944 on the question of the pools funds and copies of replies received from the various companies.
Figures based on percentages of base year, circulation adjustment, stock discount and showing the import requirement.
Letter from secretary of Newspaper Supplies to H & W T regarding figures supplied at Mr Henderson's request on just one increase in consumption rather than a number of increases. April 20, 1944
Copy of letter to H & W T on the provisional price of newsprint. May 4, 1944
Memo on average costs of Reels and Sheets May 17, 1944
Minutes of meeting held on May 9, 1944.
Summary of Newsprint Shipments to date May 1944
Report of a meeting held between Newspaper proprietors and the State Cargo Control Committee held on July 10 1944 to discuss the storage problems of newsprint and the shortage because of storage required for other goods. Fairfax offered a small part of their Rosebery space to help some of the other proprietors.
Summary of newsprint shipments June and July 1944.
Newsprint Pool Trust Account. Notes on financial position as at August 31, 1944.
Summary of Newsprint Shipments August & September 1944.
Memo on Australia Newsprint Stocks and Consumption August 17, 1942.
Memo Sunday Newspapers -Effect of Newsprint cuts and restoration in % of Base Year Consumption -November 13, 1944 and a similar memo of same date on weekly newspapers
Memo on the summary of newsprint consumption for dailies, Sundays, weeklies and exemptions. November 7 1944
Memo dated November 2 on Suggested basis for further consumption increase. (1944)
Memo dated November 9 1944 on schedule of cuts and restorations for dailies, Sundays & weeklies.
Directors' Report -November 13, 1944.
Summary of Newsprint Shipments October 1944.
Letter from Newspaper Supplies to Mr Henderson enclosing items of interest from World's Press News on (1) How soon will bigger papers return? (2) 5% continues. Better prospects ahead and (3) Newsprint supply when hostilities cease. From the American Newspaper Publishers' Association -Relation of paper and pulp in Finland to Russia and from the Newsprint Association of Canada -U.S. Consumption.
Summary of Newsprint Shipments November 1944.
Copy of letter to Bruce Fallows of the Newsprint Association of Montreal following checking of the complete 1944 specification. December 8 1944
Copy of letter from Truth & Sportsman to Newspaper Supplies detailing their stocks on hand at December 31 1944
Draft of a letter to Mr Fallows (January 19, 1945) about two problems which arise after the letter of December and these were -Bowaters' inability to supply their full share of 1945 orders and Bowaters inability to ship from Newfoundland to Australia during January-April.
Copy of letter from Consolidated Press to Newspaper Supplies seeking a delivery of 450 tons of 62%" reels and giving the necessary information for the request.
Copies of letters from Truth and Sportsman (December 1944 and January 1945) giving newsprint stocks in Sydney and Melbourne.
Summary of Newsprint Shipments December 1944 and January 1945.
Statement of the financial position of the Newsprint Pool Trust Account as at February 28, 1945.
Summary of Newsprint Shipments February, March, April, May and June 1945.
Memo on consumption quotas for half year ended September 10, 1942 after adjustments up or down in accordance with circulation increases or decreases whether the fluctuations exceed 5% or not. August 27, 1945
Memo on NSW Newsprint Stocks. September 6, 1945.
Memo to Mr Henderson dated October 29, 1945 listing stocks held by the principal Sydney consumers.
Directors' Report presented at A.G.M. on November 12, 1945.
Copy of letter to Department of Trade & Customs following a letter of complaint from Mr Ezra Norton about not being fully informed on Truth & Sportsman's 1945 Australia quota. November 20, 1945.
Minutes of Directors' Meeting held On November 12, 1945.
Summary of Newsprint Shipments September and October 1945.
Chairman's Report to the Annual Meeting on November 12, 1945.
Memo from ANPA on Australia's newsprint requirements for 1947.
Summary of Newsprint Shipments November and December 1945.

File 02: Newspaper Supplies Pty Limited, 1942-1945

The file contains minutes and relevant matters of the Newsprint Pool Committee meetings, including the inaugural meeting held in Sydney on December 29, 1942. 
1944
Circular to members of a resolution passed at Executive Meeting thanking Messrs Henderson and Dunstan for their strenuous work and their success in America for newspaper supplies.
Summary of Newsprint shipments.
Copy of letter from Commonwealth Prices Branch regarding price of newsprint for No 1 Pool.
Statement showing the Various Stages of Newsprint Rationing from the beginning of the war to date (November 1943).
Memo from Newspaper Supplies on 1945 Import Requirements,
Draft letter on Pool Representation "Outer States" - McDonald's Deputy.
Letter to Lloyd Dumas about damage to Tasmanian newsprint.
Memo from Secretary of Pool Committee on Newsprint Allowance for government advertising.
Letter from Department of Trades & Customs enclosed copy of memo from Mr Jacobsen on the Canadian Newsprint situation and the shipment of newsprint to Australia.
Letter to Prices Commissioner in Canberra informing him that a tentative price fixed for newsprint in reels was 38 pounds per ton as from July 1, 1943.
Draft submission on Australia's requirement of newsprint for 1945, amounting to 90, 874 tons and setting out details of per capita consumption; reduction & increase in consumption; Policy of the pool in relation to increased consumption; movement and increase of population; requirements of Armed Forces; Dispersal of purchasers resulting in increased circulation etc.
Memo to Combined Materials and Resources Board, Washington, D. C. setting out Australia's newsprint needs for 1945.
Letter From R. A. H. to Comptroller-general of Customs enclosing a letter from Washington dealing with newsprint and sulphite pulp for newsprint manufacture.
Letter from Washington setting out production and shipment of newsprint for Australian consumption.
Copy of deciphered cable from Australia War Supplies Procurement, Washington, on newsprint and that they were 3000 tons ahead of program and would possibly ship extra to Australia.
Financial position of the Pool Trust account at October 31, 1944
Copy of letter from Department Trade & Customs to Brisbane Telegraph informing them they had breached security regulations by using more than the permitted quantity of newsprint.
Schedule of cuts and restoration.
Memo on rationing dealing with the variation in the basis upon which the percentages were calculated, resulting in inequality between publications and classes of publications.
Shipments from Newfoundland.
Copies of correspondence between Department Trade & Customs and Bowaters on the shipment of paper from Newfoundland and Bowater's failure to send the allotted tonnage because of difficulties at the Mill.
1945
Copy of letter to Rt. Hon. F. M. Forde, acting Prime Minister, protesting about the increase by 33 percent of newsprint to the Daily Mirror by Customs without consultation and in opposition to the Pool's known view.
A second letter informed Forde that, following consultation, Mr Norton had accepted a reduction of 7-1/2 per cent. The letter also protested about permission being given to the Perth Sunday Times to use 50 per cent more newsprint that it did prior to the war and newsprint restrictions.
Memo on allocation, Canadian shipments, shortage of Wood at Canadian mills.
Memo on unsold newspapers returned by agents and allowance to proprietors.
Memo from L. R. McGregor, Washington, setting out arrangements on shipment of newsprint and his reasons why it should not come under Canadian Mutual Aid.
Newsprint pool managers arrived in America to press for a considerable increase in the tonnage of newsprint allotted to Australia. There was powerful competition from other countries for supply and there was also a big shipping hurdle which had to be faced because priority was given for war materials.
Memo November 1943 to Sir Henry Self, UK representative on the Combined Pulp and Paper Committee setting out Australia's requirements for 1944.
In July 1940 the government informed ANPA dollars for newsprint was an embarrassment -publishers met and agreed to a 35 per cent cut With certain allowances for increased circulation up to 10 percent.
During the next two years the cuts were increased until March 1942 when the cut was increased to 72-1/2 per cent leaving 27-1/2 per cent of normal consumption. In March 1942 there was a complete embargo on the importation of newsprint because of shipping trouble. In June 1943 the embargo was lifted to a limited extent of 254,000 long tons. The embargo lasted 18 months during which time there were no imports of newsprint.
In 1940 the Tasmanian mill came into production and the file contains details of the tonnage produced during the period 19401945. It was a single unit mill. Minor breakdowns were serious and a major breakdown would have been calamitous. The proprietors felt they were sitting on a volcano but had to take the risks.
Monthly Summaries of newsprint shipments.
Pool Trust Account at October 31, 1944.
In 1944 the ANPA representatives on the Newsprint Pool Committee were:-Messrs R. A. Henderson; William Dunstan and J. F. Williams.
1944-45 Ezra Norton went direct to the government to get extra newsprint for the Daily Mirror and was given the additional quota. The reaction of the Pool Committee. Government also granted increases to the Perth Mirror and Sunday Times.
In July 1943 there was a meeting of the Pool at which was discussed the possibility of the government setting up another pool because communist papers had approached the Prime Minister for newsprint.
In March 1945 there was a relaxation of rationing, companies being allowed 45 per cent of base year consumption (based on 1939 figures). Some smaller companies had a permissible usage of 100 per cent of their base year consumption. The larger newspapers were the most heavily rationed. No newspaper was allowed to use in excess of 100 per cent of its base year consumption. Approval was given for companies to use 5 per cent of 4/13ths of their quarterly allocations for a period of four weeks dating from the official announcement of the German capitulation to enable them to fully cover the news.
In 1942 and up till the end of April 1943, there was a total suspension of imports so that shipping could be entirely devoted to war materials for the South west Pacific area. Shipments were resumed in August 1943. In late March 1945 a three months' shipping suspension was imposed.
With the heavy concentration of forces in the Pacific area rehabilitation of servicemen increased. Consumer goods were released and heavy demands were made on the newspapers. They had to cut the number of pages to cope with the demand.
Rationing reductions were based on the number of pages published weekly. Publications with 24 pages or less a week were exempt and those in excess of this were scaled on a fixed basis according to the number of pages, until the maximum cut was reached at 108 pages weekly and over. Based on maximum cuts, the history of rationing was as follows :-
First cut July 1 1940 -35 per cent Second cut July 1, 1941 -60 per cent Third cut January 1, 1942 -68 per cent Fourth cut April 1, 1942 -72-1/2 per cent.
1945
There was trouble with quotas in Perth. The Sunday Times received far more than its competitor the Daily News, and the News wrote to the Pool protesting and asking for an increase.
Letter to Prime Minister in August asking for his agreement to a licensing system as set out in a letter for newsprint from Boyer.
Both the Daily and Sunday Suns, suffered more severely by the rationing than any other newspaper organisation in Australia. This came about by the publication of the newspapers the Sunday Telegraph and the Mirror. The imposition of restrictions prevented the Sun from competing with the new publications and adjusting their sales.
1946
Proposals for future of rationing and the Newsprint Pool, including the disbandment of the Pool on January 1, 1947.
The National Security Act was repealed on Dec. 31, 1946.
July table showing additional cost of newsprint to ANPA members following the re-valuation of the Canadian dollar and an increase of $6.80 in the N.Y. price, making newsprint pounds (Australia ) 3.9.0 per ton.
There was a general deterioration in the supply of newsprint during 1946 caused by :-disorganisation of newsprint industry in Europe, during the war years and the difficulties confronting its rehabilitation in the post-war period. The changeover by some mills in the US, and to a lesser extent in Canada, to the manufacture of better quality printing paper for the production of magazines. Shortage of manpower and raw materials and the interruption to production in some overseas mills by industrial disputes.
The government approved a resolution by the Pool Committee that from January 1, 1947 a system of voluntary rationing of newsprint, and/or the pooling of supplies to be operated by newspaper publishing industry through the Pool Committee subject to:--(a) the government being represented on the committee and the Dept of Trade & Customs assisting in the administration, and (b) the maintenance of Customs (Import Licensing) regulations to enable the Pool Committee to continue to control the importation of newsprint (as approved by the government), and subsequently to allocate the quantities imported amongst newspaper proprietors on the approved basis.
One of the conditions for the administration of this scheme was "any refusal or failure to furnish returns of consumption or other information required by Trade & Customs, to result in the withdrawal of the arrangements, as far as the defaulter is concerned, whereby the pool guarantees supplies of newsprint".
During the war permission was granted for the publication of the US magazine Time on condition that distribution was made to members of the Allied Forces only. When hostilities ceased approval was given by the Minister for publication of the magazine in Australia to be continued provided that: -(a) the number of copies of each issue was confined to the number of paid subscribers in Australia, with a maximum of 4,000; (b) that the paper used was procured without any obligation on the newsprint pool; (c) that Customs duties at ordinary classifications be levied on imported material used in production of the magazine and (d) no sale to be effected from news stands.
1947
Clip on newsprint rationing concerning "The Rock" and its overusage of newsprint.
Mr Eric Kennedy of Associated Newspapers was appointed to act as president of ANPA during R. A. Henderson's absence.
Requests from Truth & Sportsman, Daily News Perth and Sunday Times Perth for additional newsprint allocation.
Brief history on Truth & Sportsman
Correspondence with Truth & Sportsman who asked for a refund of any monies due to them from the Pool. They were in need of funds.
Correspondence on distribution and severe rationing caused by the dollar exchange crisis. Reduction in consumption by 57.17 per cent of base year consumption came into effect on January 1, 1948.
1948
Dismissal of five journalists from the staff of the SMH.
Newsprint Pool Committee was reconstructed at the beginning of 1948.
Memo from R. A. Henderson to W. Turner setting out his ideas on present newspaper proposals. Apparently there was a proposal for "switching" but this would unfairly penalise Fairfax because they only published one paper, whereas other companies with multiple publications could use newsprint from one paper to publish another.
Notes of an interview by Mr B. Fallows, secretary of the Newsprint Association of Canada, with the Prime Minister of June 8, to ascertain the tonnage of newsprint to be imported from Canada.
Notes of an interview by Messrs Bellew and Warnecke, representing Atlas Publications, with the Prime Minister on June 4 on importation of Russian newsprint. Agreement was refused by the government because the Australian market could not absorb large quantities, and because of the risk of the price of dollar newsprint being raised against Australia.
Draft proposal for the abandonment of voluntary rationing and pooling scheme and disbanding of Newsprint Pool and its committee.
Copy of letter from acting Comptroller-General to Consolidated newspapers about their over usage of newsprint, and informing them that as a countermeasure the import quota on North American Countries for 1949 of every newspaper published who had overused would be reduced by the quantity by which his stocks, as at December 31, 1948, are in debit through over usage.
Draft memo to Comptroller-General on Import Licensing of newsprint for the production of newsprint.
Cables and correspondence re logs and pulp being shipped to England for manufacture by Bowaters into newsprint, and a greater quantity of newsprint becoming available to Australia.
1949
On January 1, subject to licensing control, permission was given for importation, without condition or restriction, of newsprint. Rationing and pooling to be removed unconditionally.
Letters of thanks to the Prime Minister, Trade and Customs officials for their help and co-operation during the whole newsprint rationing period
Copy of letter to the Prime Minister asking for temporary remission of duty on newsprint from Sweden, Finland and Norway during a period of dollar shortage, and particularly for 1949.

File 08: Australian Newspaper Proprietors Association Newsprint Pool, 1942-1949

In this paper, employing transaction‐level data for Russian imports, we explore the role of multi‐product shipments in explaining shipping patterns across countries. In our data, an average shipment includes five different products. We document that firms from higher‐income countries on average include a larger number of different products into a single shipment and have a larger number of shipments per period with a lower average quantity and value. We then propose a mechanism that reconciles both facts. Specifically, multi‐product shipments allow firms to split fixed costs per shipment across many products and, therefore, reduce total shipment costs. As a result, higher‐income countries tend to have lower fixed costs per shipment. Finally, we construct a simple partial equilibrium model that enables us to quantify the potential increases in trade volumes and welfare created by the multi‐product shipment option.

The Scandinavian journal of economics, 2022-10, Vol.124 (4), p.990-1023

Exporting costs and multi‐product shipments

In this paper, employing transaction level data for Russian imports, we explore the role of multi-product shipments in explaining shipping patterns across countries. First, we document that firms from more developed countries on average include a higher number of different products into a single shipment. We then show that such multiproduct shipments can potentially explain why more developed countries tend to have a higher number of shipments per period with a lower average quantity and value. According to our proposed mechanism, multi-product shipments allow firms to split fixed costs per shipment across many products and, therefore, reduce total shipment costs. As a result, more developed countries tend to have lower fixed costs per shipment. Finally, we construct a simple partial equilibrium model that enables us to quantify the potential increases in trade volumes and welfare created by the multi-product shipment option.

IDEAS Working Paper Series from RePEc, 2020-01

Exporting Costs and Multi-Product Shipments

In this paper, employing transaction level data for Russian imports, we explore the role of multi-product shipments in explaining shipping patterns across countries. First, we document that firms from more developed countries include on average more different products into a single shipment. We then show that such multi-product shipments can potentially explain why more developed countries tend to have a higher number of shipments per period with a lower average quantity and value. The mechanism considered in the paper is based on that multiproduct shipments allow splitting fixed costs per shipment across many products and, therefore, reducing total shipment costs. As a result, more developed countries tend to have lower fixed costs per shipment. Finally, we construct a simple partial equilibrium model that enables us to quantify the role of multi-product shipments in determining shipping costs.

Exporting costs and multi-product shipments

We examine Colombian export transaction data from customs records in several dimensions. We begin with some basic statistics on the number and frequency of export transactions by a firm, overall and across individual markets. We then decompose the variation in overall exports into the number of transactions and the size of the average transaction, both at the aggregate level and for individual firms to explore gravity equations, where the patterns of exports and numbers of transactions are related to the distance with respect to the destination. The analysis is carried out both at the aggregate and the firm level. Then we explore the relationship between patterns of transactions numbers and shipment modes. Our results show great heterogeneity in the patterns of frequency and number of transactions across firms; the average firm sent about 75 shipments abroad in 2005, while the firm with largest number of transactions that same year dispatched more than 26,000 shipments. Moreover, while close to 35% of firms in the sample report a single export transaction over the period, for most firms with multiple transactions the average span between two transactions is less than a month. Part of this heterogeneity is shown to be related to the distance with respect to the destination market: firms exporting to more distant destinations make less frequent shipments than firms exporting to markets that are closer. This suggests that there are fixed costs per shipment inducing declining marginal cost of higher shipment volume. These patterns imply that, at the aggregate level, transactions numbers are the primary source of variation in exports. The variability in the numbers of transactions also explains an important part of the well-known negative relationship between aggregate exports and distance to a specific destination.

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File 02: Newspaper Supplies Pty Limited, 1942-1945

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File 08: Australian Newspaper Proprietors Association Newsprint Pool, 1942-1949

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Exporting costs and multi‐product shipments

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Exporting Costs and Multi-Product Shipments

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Exporting costs and multi-product shipments

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Export Dynamics in Colombia: Transactions Level Evidence

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