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Cover; Causation in Science and the Methods of Scientific Discovery; Copyright; Preface; Contents; List of Figures; PART I: Science and Philosophy; 1: Metascience and Better Science; 1.1 What Science Is and Should Be; 1.2 Why Philosophy?; 1.3 Philosophical Assumptions in Science; 1.4 The Critical Fr...

3.1 A Crucial Distinction3.2 Evidence Is Restricted by Methods; 3.3 Causation Is Not Restricted by Evidence; 3.4 Is Causal Evidence Based on Causation?; 3.5 Ontology First; PART II: Perfect Correlation; 4: What's in a Correlation?; 4.1 Regularity, Alive and Well; 4.2 Regularity as the Starting Point...

5.3.4 Non-responders5.3.5 Interferers; 5.4 Different Effect, Different Cause?; 6: Under Ideal Conditions; 6.1 Scientific Knowledge Is Universal and Abstract; 6.2 The Messy Reality; 6.3 Getting Laws from Irregularities; 6.3.1 Probabilistic laws; 6.3.2 Nomological machines; 6.3.3 Ideal conditions; 6.4...

8.3 Subtractive and Additive Interference8.4 Isolation and Expansion; 9: From Regularities to Tendencies; 9.1 Perfect and Imperfect Regularities; 9.2 Introducing Tendencies; 9.3 Science Deals with Tendencies; 9.4 Is a Tendency Nothing but a Statistical Incidence?; 9.5 Tending away from Perfect Regul...

11.2 The Alleged Roles of Data 11.3 No Explanation or Prediction without Theory; 11.4 Do Data Dictate Scientific Theories?; 11.5 Could There Be Raw Data?; 11.6 Data or Theory? Would That It Were so Simple; 12: Are More Data Better?; 12.1 If Only We Had More Data; 12.2 Humanism: Treating Causal Infer...