A new royal and universal dictionary of arts and sciences [electronic resource] : or, complete system of human knowledge. Containing, Not only all the various Improvements that have been made by the Learned and Ingenious in every Part of Europe to the present Times; but also a very great variety of useful discoveries, which have been communicated to the Authors of this Work, by Gentlemen of distinguished abilities; whereby every Difficulty attending the Study of the Arts and Sciences is distinctly cleared, and the Whole explained in the most easy and intelligent Manner. Among the various Branches treated of in this Work, are the following: Agriculture, Algebra, Anatomy, Architecture, Arithmetic, Astronomy, Book-Keeping, Botany, Chemistry, Chronology, Commerce, Conics, Cosmography, Criticism, Dialing, Dioptrics, Ethics, Farriery, Fluxions, Fortification Gardening, Gauging, Geography, Geometry, Grammar, Gunnery, Handicrafts, Heraldry, Horsemanship, Husbandry, Hydraulics, Hydrostatics, Law, Levelling, Logic, Maritime, and Military Affairs, Mathematics, Mechanics, Merchandize, Metaphysics, Meteorology, Music, Navigation, Optics, Painting, Perspective, Pharmacy, Philosophy, Physic, Pneumatics, Poetry, Rhetoric, Sculpture, Series and Statics, Statuary, Surgery, Surveying, Theology, Trigonometry, &c. Embellished with upwards of One Hundred Copper-Plates, (among which are twelve large Plates of the Zodiac, from Original Drawings, executed by eminent Astronomers) drawn from real Objects, by the most eminent Artists, and engraved by the best Hands; containing full and exact Representations of the various Instruments, Machines, Tools, Plans, Figures, &c. necessary to illustrate this Work. The anatomical, chemical, and medicinal parts by M. Hinde, M. D. The mathematical parts by W. Squire, Author of The Modern Book-Keeper; gardening and botany by J. Marshall, Gardener, at Knightsbridge; criticism, grammar, poetry, theology, &c. by the Rev. Thomas Cooke, A. B. Author of The Universal Letter-Writer; or, New Art of Polite Correspondence and the other parts by gentlemen of eminence in the several Departments they have undertaken to elucidate. .