All patients who were admitted into the emergency department in CHUVI and needed medical care provided by Trauma and Orthopedics (T&O) were coded and divided into two groups: those with upper-limb involvement and those with lower-limb/spine involvement. The following data were recorded from our patient selection: gender, age, laterality, type of trauma (high-energy traumas which included sports accidents, traffic accidents, falls from heights of more than 2 m, or low-energy trauma which included fall from standing height or syncope), season of the year when the fracture happened, pre-existing comorbidities (cardiovascular, neurological and/or psychiatric illness, alcohol abuse and smoking, confirmed diagnosis of osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus, obesity, malignancies, rheumatological diseases, endocrine diseases, and other metabolic disorders), and type of treatment for each PHF. The total number and the gender and age distributions of the population at risk for each year of the study period were obtained from the official CHUVI website (available at: https://xxivigo.sergas.gal/Paxinas/web.aspx?tipo=paxtxt&idLista=3&idContido=272&migtab=272&idTax=850) The incidence rate is a measure that reflects the risk of developing a new disease over a specified time period [16]. Seasonal variation The season when there were more fractures was Autumn, with 179 fractures (28.14%), followed by Spring with 166 cases (26%), with Winter with the lowest number of fractures recorded (134 fractures, 21%)....

Epidemiology of proximal humerus fractures

10.1186/s13018-021-02551-x