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The growing surplus of green electricity generated by renewable energy technologies has fueled research towards chemical industry electrification. By adapting power-to-chemical concepts, such as plasma-assisted processes, cheap resources could be converted into fuels and base chemicals. However, the feasibility of those electrified processes at large scale has not been investigated yet. Thus, the current work strives to compare, for first time in the literature, plasma-assisted production of syngas, from CH4 and CO2 (dry methane reforming), with thermal catalytic dry methane reforming. Specifically, both processes are conceptually designed to deliver syngas suitable for methanol synthesis (H2/CO ≥ 2 in mole). The processes are simulated in the Aspen Plus process simulator where different process steps are investigated. Heat integration and equipment cost estimation are performed for the most promising process flow diagrams. Collectively, plasma-assisted dry methane reforming integrated with combined steam/CO2 methane reforming is an effective way to deliver syngas for methanol production. It is more sustainable than combined thermal catalytic dry methane reforming with steam methane reforming, which has also been proposed for syngas production of H2/CO ≥ 2; in the former process, 40% more CO2 is captured, while 38% less H2O is consumed per mol of syngas. Furthermore, the plasma-assisted process is less complex than the thermal catalytic one; it requires higher amount of utilities, but comparable capital investment.

Energies (Basel), 2017-09, Vol.10 (9), p.1429

Investigating the Plasma-Assisted and Thermal Catalytic Dry Methane Reforming for Syngas Production: Process Design, Simulation and Evaluation

Micro-electro-mechanical membranes having nanoscale holes were developed, to be used as a nanofluidic sample inlet in novel analytical applications. Nanoscopic holes can be used as sampling points to enable a molecular flow regime, enhancing the performance and simplifying the layout of mass spectrometers and other analytical systems. To do this, the holes must be placed on membranes capable of consistently withstanding a pressure gradient of 1 bar. To achieve this goal, a membrane-in-membrane structure was adopted, where a larger and thicker membrane is microfabricated, and smaller sub-membranes are then realized in it. The nanoscopic holes are opened in the sub-membranes. Prototype devices were fabricated, having hole diameters from 300 to 600 nm, a membrane side of 80 μm, and a simulated maximum displacement of less than 150 nm under a 1 bar pressure gradient. The obtained prototypes were tested in a dedicated vacuum system, and a method to calculate the effective orifice diameter using gas flow measurements at different pressure gradients was implemented. The calculated diameters were in good agreement with the target diameter sizes. Micro-electro-mechanical technology was successfully used to develop a novel micromembrane with nanoscopic holes, and the fabricated prototypes were successfully used as a gas inlet in a vacuum system for mass spectrometry and other analytical systems.

Membranes (Basel), 2021-01, Vol.11 (2), p.74

MEMS Membranes with Nanoscale Holes for Analytical Applications

The electrification of the petrochemical industry, imposed by the urgent need for decarbonization and driven by the incessant growth of renewable electricity share, necessitates electricity-driven technologies for efficient conversion of fossil fuels to chemicals. Non-thermal plasma reactor systems that successfully perform in lab scale are investigated for this purpose. However, the feasibility of such electrified processes at industrial scale is still questionable. In this context, two process alternatives for ethylene production via plasma-assisted non-oxidative methane coupling have conceptually been designed based on previous work of our group namely, a direct plasma-assisted methane-to-ethylene process (one-step process) and a hybrid plasma-catalytic methane-to-ethylene process (two-step process). Both processes are simulated in the Aspen Plus V10 process simulator and also consider the technical limitations of a real industrial environment. The economically favorable operating window (range of operating conditions at which the target product purity is met at minimum utility cost) is defined via sensitivity analysis. Preliminary results reveal that the hybrid plasma-catalytic process requires 21% less electricity than the direct one, while the electric power consumed for the plasma-assisted reaction is the major cost driver in both processes, accounting for ~75% of the total electric power demand. Finally, plasma-assisted processes are not economically viable at present. However, future decrease in electricity prices due to renewable electricity production increase can radically affect process economics. Given that a break-even electricity price of 35 USD/MWh (without considering the capital cost) is calculated for the two-step plasma process and that current electricity prices for some energy intensive industries in certain countries can be as low as 50 USD/MWh, the plasma-assisted processes may become economically viable in the future.

Processes, 2019-02, Vol.7 (2), p.68

Process Modeling and Evaluation of Plasma-Assisted Ethylene Production from Methane

The editorial team greatly appreciates the reviewers who contributed their knowledge and expertise to the journal’s editorial process over the past 12 months. In 2018, a total of 103 papers were published in the journal, with a median time to first decision of 18 days and a median time to publication of 46 days. Abbas Jibrin, Abubakar Li, Qingan Adams, E. Eric Li, Xiangdong Alberello, Alberto Lin, Charlie Ali, Samim Lintuvuori, Juho Aliyu, Aliyu Lionetto, Francesca Alvarado, Jose Liu, Geng Anselmet, Fabien López-Jiménez, Petra Amparo Apollonio, Ciro Lua, Kim Boon Arastoopour, Hamid Maalouf, Chadi Arrigo, Rossella Mahmud, Shohel Arwatz, Gilad Maia, Anabela Arzani, Amirhossein Maki, Yasuyuki Askari, Radwin Malcangio, Daniela Atencia, Javier Malekpour, Ahmad Aytac, Zeynep Malloggi, Florent Azaroual, Mohammed Malvé, Mauro Babaei, Mahnoush Manneville, Paul Baboolal, Thomas Marchioli, Cristian Badin, Gualtiero Marinkovic, Dragan Balachandar, Ram Marino, Raffaele Balk, Alexander M. Marmottant, Philippe Baltazar, Luís Gonçalo Correia Marti, Julio Baltus, Ruth Martinell, Julio Bandilla, Karl W. Martinopoulos, Georgios Bao, Jiming Martins, Albino Barati, Reza Massoudi, Mehrdad Bartzis, John Mathijssen, Arnold J. T. M. Basha, Omar Mauri, Roberto Basse, Nils T. McCue, Scott Beatus, Tsevi Medina, Yaocihuatl Beckingham, Lauren E. Meiss, Alberto Benilov, Eugene Mejia, John F. Benim, Ali Cemal Meneguzzo, Francesco Benni, Stefano Methven, John Besagni, Giorgio Miller, Laura Besharat, Mohsen Minev, Peter D. Bianchini, Cosimo Mishra, Aashwin Biancolini, Marco Evangelos Mittal, Nivesh K. Biferale, Luca Mohammadian, Majid Blacker, Thomas Monzón, Antonio Bolmatov, Dima Moored, Keith W. Bonn, Daniel Morbiducci, Umberto Borazjani, Iman Morillo, Jorge Borrego, Carlos Mu, Xuan Bostwick, Joshua Mukin, Roman Bouchet, Gilles Mulleners, Karen Braun, Dieter Müller, Ulrike Breitsamter, Christian Nandi, Tarak Nath Brilliantov, Nikolai Nardi, Fernando Brkić, Dejan Naser, Jamal Brooks, Caleb Nayeri, Christian Brujan, Emil-Alexandru Nguyen, Quoc T. Burgreen, Greg Nielsen, Vilhjálmur Bus, James S. Noack, Bernd R. Bykov, Viatcheslav Nones, Michael Carton, Xavier Oertel, Mario Carvalho, Rita Ohba, Ryohji Casals Terre, Jasmina Oliver, Albert Chang, Shyy-Woei Oliveto, Giuseppe Charmet, Jerome Oliviero, Francesca Cheng, Bo Örlü, Ramis Chertovskih, Roman Oskouie, Ali Chiappini, Daniele Ostrovsky, Lev A. Chiva, Sergio Pagonabarraga, Ignacio Choi, Jung-il Palermo, Michele Climent, Eric Pamies, Ramon Collins, David J. Papakonstantis, Ilias Concli, Franco Papantoniou, Ioannis Cordier, Laurent Patel, Saurin Crawshaw, John Peixinho, Jorge Dalmoro, Annalisa Pellegrini, Marco Dashtian, Hassan Perazzo, Antonio Davide, Astolfi Perinelli, Diego Romano De Luca, Luigi Pini, Valerio Delfs, Jens-Olaf Poncet, Sébastien Deng, Hai-Yao Pop, Ioan Devendran, Citsabehsan Poy, Guilhem Dimakopoulos, Yannis Průša, Vít Dimitrakopoulos, Georgios Punt, Ans Dinis Gaspar, Pedro Qi, Dahai Dinis, Maria Alzira Pimenta Rafael, Sandra Discetti, Stefano Rahmat, Ellahi Doinikov, Alexander Rajagopal, Kumbakonam Dokhani, Vahid Rajib, Adnan Domenici, Valentina Ranade, Vivek V. Doostmohammadi, Amin Rempel, Erico Luiz Dorne, Jean-Lou Ren, Liqiang Drapaca, Corina Revell, Alistair Drikakis, Dimitris Rey, Alejandro Dritschel, David G. Rezaei-Gomari, Sina Dritselis, Chris Ribe, Neil Duchemin, Laurent Richard, Patrick Dudzinski, David M. Rob, Mudde Einstein, Daniel R. Rodriguez-Rodriguez, Javier Emami-Meybodi, Hamid Roekaerts, D.J.E.M. Engles, Thomas Rohacs, Jozsef Eslam-Panah, Azar Rostami, Ali Bakhshandeh Espinoza, Nicolas Roullet, Guillaume Estelle, Patrice Ryzhov, Evgeny Ettema, Robert Sadati, Monirosadat Everbach, Erich Carr Salili, Seyyed Muhammad Ezhova, Ekaterina San, Omer Fahs, Marwan Sanchez, Raul Fang, Fangxin Scapinello, Marco Faucher, Vincent Schaffarczyk, Alois Peter Fernández, Mercedes Schekochihin, Alexander A. Ferraro, Davide Schmidt, Tannin Ferrero, Enrico Scholle, Markus Firoozabadi, Abbas Schultz, Kelly M. Flåtten, Tore Scungio, Mauro Foysi, Holger Severino, Gerardo French, David Shabgard, Hamidreza Friedrich, Benjamin M Shadloo, Mostafa Gaitan, D. Felipe Shafiei, Ali Gandhi, Sahil Sandesh Sharma, Pradeep Ganguly, Sayantan Sheremet, Mikhail Garcia, Julio Singh, Robin Gardini, Davide Sivakumar, Manicham Garrido-Jurado, Juan Skvortsov, Alex Gershenzon, Naum Socha, John J. Gidaspow, Dimitri Soleimani-Mohseni, Mohsen Gissen, Abraham N. Soler, Josep Maria Giudici, Mauro Son, Moon Glicksman, Leon Sorrentino, Giancarlo Gomez, Thomas Sparavigna, Amelia Carolina González, Icíar Stahelin, Robert Goswamee, Rajib L. Stastna, Marek Gramstad, Odin Stayanov, Miroslav Grecov, Dana Stefanescu, Razvan Grondzik, Walter Stremler, Mark A Gross, Andreas Suarez, Ismael Falcon Guan, Yaoyi Sucosky, Philippe Guo, Wen-Dar Sun, Rui Habibi, Mehdi Sunderland, Peter Hadji, Layachi Suslov, Sergey Hamed, Ali M. Sutyrin, Georgi Hargather, Michael J. T.García, Juan Hashemi, Mohammad Tafarojnoruz, Ali Hazel, Andrew Tagawa, Yoshiyuki He, Zhaoming Tahmasebi, Pejman Heimdal Nilsson, Elna Tao, Chengcheng Helenbrook, Brian Teixeira, Andrew R. Helfield, Brandon L. Telyakovskiy, Aleksey Heuberger, Manfred Theunissen, Raf Hoath, Stephen Thibault, Pierre Hossan, Mohammad Robiul Thorpe, Alan J. Hrissanthou, Vlassios Tiribocchi, Adriano Hsu, Wei-Lun Tjhung, Elsen Hu, Han Tran, ThanhToan Ikeo, Shigeru Traub, Lance Iliescu, Traian Triantafyllou, Michael S. Inserra, Claude Tribbia, Joseph Ioannou, Petros J. Trivedi, Chirag Ipsakis, Dimitris Trulsen, Karsten Isaac, Kakkattukuzhy Tsukahara, Takahiro Islam, Mohammad Uchida, Yoshiaki Jacobi, Ian Valipour, Peiman Jakli, Antal Van Gorder, Robert A. Javadi, Ardalan Vasiliades, Lampros Jensen, Atle Vassilicos, J. C. Jeong, Soo Kim Vatani, Ashkan Ji, Jinchen Veldman, Arthur E. P. Jimenez, Melanie Verdelis, Konstantinos Jirásek, Adam Vereide, Kaspar Jog, Chandrashekhar S. Vilarrasa, Victor Jung, Sunny Vinuesa, Ricardo Kamrin, Ken Vuthaluru, Hari B. Karabelas, Anastasios J Wagner, Manfred Kashaninejad, Navid Walcek, Chris Keating, Elizabeth H. Wang, Leon Keramaris, Evangelos Wang, Yongxing Khalili, Fardin Wanjiku, John Khoshmanesh, Khashayar Watanabe, Takashi Kim, Ijung Wei, Kongchang Kim, Min Chan Westerberg, Lars-Göran Kobayashi, Kazumichi Wilson, Stephen Kolomenskiy, Dmitry Woszidlo, Rene Kondrashov, Dmitri Wu, Junru Kong, Bo Wu, Wei-Tao Kopel, Pavel Xenos, Michalis Koshel, Konstantin Xie, Xuping Krishnamurthy, Raghavendra Xie, Yuliang Kristóf, Gergely Xu, Ke Krivets, Vitaliy Xu, Zelin Król, Małgorzata Yoon, Hyeun Joong Kubo, Masaki Yoshida, Shigeo Kurien, Susan Zeiri, Yehuda Kurkina, Oxana E. Zeyghami, Samane Kwak, Kyung-Hwan Zhang, Yan Kwan, Albert Zhang, Yancheng Le Clainche, Soledad Zheligovsky, Vladislav Le, Tuyen Quang Zijl, Wouter Leonzio, Grazia Zimmerman, William B. Li, Chengyu Zimont, V. L. Li, Gaojin

Fluids (Basel), 2019-01, Vol.4 (1), p.9

Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Fluids in 2018

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Investigating the Plasma-Assisted and Thermal Catalytic Dry Methane Reforming for Syngas Production: Process Design, Simulation and Evaluation

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MEMS Membranes with Nanoscale Holes for Analytical Applications

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Process Modeling and Evaluation of Plasma-Assisted Ethylene Production from Methane

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Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Fluids in 2018

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